Model Predictive Control-Based Optimized Operation of a Hybrid Charging Station for Electric Vehicles

This paper presents an energy management system (EMS) based on a novel approach using model predictive control (MPC) for the optimized operation of power sources in hybrid charging station electric vehicles (EVs). The is composed photovoltaic (PV) system, battery, complete hydrogen fuel cell (FC), electrolyzer (EZ), and tank as storage (ESS), grid connection, six fast units, all which are connected to common MVDC bus through Z-source converters (ZSC). MPC-based EMS designed flow among reduce utilization costs ESS dependency grid. viability was proved under long-term simulation 25 years Simulink, real data sun irradiance European load profile EVs. Furthermore, this compared with simpler alternative that used benchmark, pursues same objectives, although states-based strategy. results prove suitability EMS, achieving lower cost (−25.3%), notable reduction use (−60% approximately) improvement efficiency.